Showing posts with label diamond mining. Show all posts
Showing posts with label diamond mining. Show all posts

Tuesday, 10 December 2024

Namibia: Diamond mining process

Diamond mining process

The initial mining process started off with miners and labourer’s creeping along their stomachs and knees in search of and collecting diamonds in jam tins strung from their necks.

The process had to be improved, consequently resulting in them using sieves to separate the sand from the larger grains containing the diamonds.  The method of sifting out the fine sand by submerging the sieve containing the gravel in a trough filled with seawater while rotating it was introduced by Charlie Bannau. The heavier minerals like diamonds accumulated in the center of the sieve.

Then followed the “Babies” swinging sieves suspended from 3 chains, ordinarily a worker would rock such a sieve like a baby in a cradle.

Soon thereafter the introduction of the trommel sieve followed. For those prospectors mining on their own the one-man box was the perfect option.  This special wooden crate contained sieves, jig and shovel.  The box was shipped from Swakopmund to Conception Bay and then transported by wagon to the mining area.








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Monday, 9 December 2024

Namibia: The unsolved mystery of the Vlissingen

The unsolved mystery of the Vlissingen

Ultimately, Europe is the Mecca for treasure hunters. Conversely, when it comes to finding lost treasures Namibia unfortunately does not provide the same opportunities. Consequently, if the opportunity does arise to find any kind of possible treasure then my interest is immediately sparked.  Such an opportunity arose on a visit to Meob Bay which was determined to be the last resting place of the Vlissingen.  The treasures to look out for were 1746 copper coins (Duiten) and 1743 Silver Pillar Dollars.

On 9 January 1747, the 130 feet long United Dutch East India Company (VOC) ship Vlissingen left the Netherlands, on its 5th journey. Unfortunately for the Company and the 227 crew aboard, the vessel was never to return. Bearing in mind that the Vlissingen reported that many of its crew were already sick when still in the North Atlantic, it is highly likely that illness and death played a role in the demise of the vessel, besides the structural damage she had incurred. Bad weather at the time of crossing the Atlantic could have been another contributing factor. To this day the circumstances of her vanishing remains a mystery.

As part of her cargo she carried thousands of copper coins (Doits / Duiten) and an unidentified amount of silver dollars.

The Duiten were specifically minted for the Zeeland Chamber of the Dutch East India Company. The coins were struck in 1746, in the town of Middelburg. It was common practice for outward-bound vessels to carry coins and bar metal that was used as currency to obtain Asiatic goods.  Homeward-bound ships mainly carried oriental products such as spices, textiles and porcelain, as well as large quantities of Dutch coins.  The coins found near Meob Bay dated 1746, indicated that they had probably not been in circulation and were on their way to the Dutch trading posts in the East.

Old diamond mining reports dating back to the early 20th century mention silver and copper coins being found scattered along a part of the Namibian coast near Meob Bay. The silver coins originated from Mexico when this was still a Spanish colony and were used by the VOC to trade in the East Indies, moreover also known as the romantic “piece of eight” and was the very first U.S. Dollar in the United States until 1857. These coins were actually “cut” into 8 pieces, for change.

A couple of years ago a tour guide made a spectacular discovery between the sand dunes at Conception Water, hundreds of copper Duiten lay scattered on the sand.  It is suspected that a miner, labourer or traveler collected them whilst walking along the beach. Obviously, the bag with its useless contents did not withstand the harsh elements resulting in it rupturing scattering the coins onto the ground. Indeed, a spectacular find.

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Sunday, 11 August 2024

Namibia: Profiling Luderitz - harbour town in southern Africa

Profiling Luderitz, Namibia

Lüderitz is a town located in the ǁKaras Region of southern Namibia. It is situated on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean and is known for its German colonial architecture, fishing industry, and proximity to the Namib Desert.

Here are some key points about Lüderitz:

1. History: The town was founded in 1883 when Heinrich Vogelsang purchased Angra Pequena and some land from the local Nama chief. It was named after Adolf Lüderitz, a German merchant and colonialist. Lüderitz became an important trading port and the center of diamond mining in the early 20th century.

2. Architecture: Lüderitz is known for its well-preserved German colonial architecture, with colorful buildings lining its streets. The most famous building is the Goerke Haus, a grand mansion built in 1910 that now houses a museum.

3. Economy: The economy of Lüderitz is largely based on fishing, diamond mining and tourism. The town is a major fishing port, and the surrounding waters are rich in marine life. Tourism is also an important industry, with visitors attracted to the town's historical sites and the nearby Namib Desert.

4. Attractions: Lüderitz offers several attractions for visitors, including Shark Island, a popular camping and picnic spot with views of the ocean; the ghost town of Kolmanskop, a former diamond mining town abandoned in the 1950s; and the nearby Bogenfels rock arch, a natural landmark on the coast.

5. Climate: Lüderitz has a cool desert climate, with mild temperatures throughout the year due to the influence of the cold Benguela Current. Fog is common in the mornings, providing moisture to the region's plant and animal life.

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Tuesday, 24 May 2022

Namibia: Debmarine Launched Benguela Gem Diamond Mining Vessel

Debmarine Namibia Launched Benguela Gem its Most Advanced Diamond Mining Vessel

Debmarine Namibia, a 50-50 joint venture between De Beers Group and the Government of the Republic of Namibia, prospecting for marine diamonds in the Ocean off the Namibian Coast, produces around 1.4 million carats of marine diamonds annually, bringing in a revenue of more than NAD 10 billion (US$669.5 million) every year.

Hitherto Marine diamond mining was carried out by Debmarine Namibia by operating five diamond mining vessels, that comb the ocean floor and suck sediments from the seabed. The Ships bear the names Debmar Atlantic, Debmar Pacific, Grand Banks, Gariep and Mafuta. The ships employ two types of mining technologies, the airlift drill and the crawler mining technology.

In the year 2017, with a view of ramping up production from 1.4 million to over 2.0 million carats, the Company planned to construct a US$ 142 million ship-cum tanker, which was projected to be the world’s largest custom-built diamond mining vessel of length 176 metres. The new vessel was expected to join the fleet by early 2022.

The AMV3 is now the largest diamond recovery vessel in the world and the new Flagship of the Debmarine Namibia fleet. The vessel is expected to operate for at least 30 years, and create 160 high-skilled jobs for Namibian Citizens. The ship is expected to add an additional 500,000 carats of high-value diamonds to Debmarine’s annual production increasing it to over 2.0 million carats.

The AMV3 was officially renamed “Benguela Gem” and unveiled in Namibia by the country’s President His Excellency Hage Geingob at an inauguration ceremony held on March 18, 2022, and also attended by the Minister of Mines and Energy, the Honourable Tom Alweendo and De Beers Group CEO, Bruce Cleaver. The vessel was expected to commence operations from the following week, well ahead of its original schedule.

Commenting on the inauguration of the World’s most advanced marine diamond mining vessel, Bruce Cleaver, CEO of De Beers Group, said: “The Benguela Gem is the first of its kind and represents an outstanding feat of engineering design, technology innovation and sustainability performance. Despite significant challenges presented by Covid-19, the project was delivered ahead of time and budget – a testament to the world-leading skill and expertise of all involved. The investment in this vessel will support a long term, sustainable future for Namibia’s diamond sector, which is home to some to the most sought-after diamonds in the world.”

CEO of Debmarine Namibia, Otto Shikongo, also commenting on the inauguration of the new vessel said, “As we gather here for the inauguration of this new vessel, just days before Namibia celebrates its 32 years of independence, bear testimony that we at Debmarine Namibia will continue to make our stakeholders proud by delivering real value for both our shareholders and the people of Namibia.”

Commenting in the same vein, Honourable Minister of Mines and Energy for Namibia Tom Alweendo said, “In a world where there is global competition for capital…the investment in this vessel is not just an investment in a diamond-recovery vessel. It is an investment in the future of Namibia.”

Namibia has the richest known marine diamond deposits in the world, with Debmarine Namibia extracting some of the highest quality diamonds available anywhere from water of between 90 – 150 meters deep off the south-west coast of the country.

The Benguela Gem is a crawler ship, having a 280-ton mechanical arm, that moves in a horizontal arc, dredging material beneath the sea floor, up to a depth of 120 metres (400 feet). There is a sophisticated treatment plant onboard the ship, that sifts the diamonds from the dredged gravel. The gravel is then returned to the ocean, and the diamonds are automatically sealed into barcoded steel briefcases, and flown by helicopter three times a week to vaults back on dry land, in the capital city Windhoek to be graded subsequently. The unique thing is that no human hands touch the diamonds during the entire mining and production process at sea.

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