Showing posts with label diamonds. Show all posts
Showing posts with label diamonds. Show all posts

Sunday, 8 December 2024

Namibia: early days of diamond exploration - water delivery

Where there is Water there is Life........

The biggest challenge by far these early pioneers had to overcome was fresh water, particularly the shortage thereof.

Fresh water supplies to Conception Water were delivered by boat and then transported by mules and camels to the individual mine fields.

Fortunately, potable water found among the dunes of Conception Water during 1913 consequently resulted in the sinking of wells and a windmill being erected.

Anyone who has been to this laborious area would realize the massive task and effort it took to construct the 80 km pipe line across the dunes and linking it with the Meob Bay pipeline. 360 ton (13,300 pieces) of 6m long steel pipes were used to cover the 80 km. These imported pipes from Germany arrived by boat and then transported on ox wagons to the area.

Transportation of water to the fields was done using metal rolling vats covered with wooden strips.

These Lüderitzbucht constructed vats pulled by mules unfortunately also resulted in the conditions of the drinking water not always being favorable as a result of contamination.

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Sunday, 4 February 2024

Namibia: Diamond Area 2 - Historical information

Diamond Area 2 in Namibia

Historical information

Remains of a one-man box at Grillenberger

The discovery of diamonds in 1908 around Kolmanskuppe resulted in an uncontrollable diamond rush forcing the Government to establish the “Sperrgebiet” between 26-degree (Gibraltar) and the southern border stretching 100 km inland. Prospectors were forced to turn northwards beyond the Sperrgebiet.

This resulted in the discovery of diamonds at Spencer Bay in December 1908 and between Meob and the Conception Bay area (Diamond area no 2). This resulted in a total of 5000 diamond claims being registered in 1909 and hopeful prospectors tried their luck at Saddle Hill and Spencer Bay and via Swakopmund and Sandwich Harbour southwards towards Meob Bay.

However, the small yields of diamonds from these claims resulted in only a few prospectors being successful in the long term. Transporting of supplies and mine equipment was effected mainly from Swakopmund by ship and the cutter Viking via Sandwich Harbour, Conception Bay and Meob Bay. Various shipping casualties occurred, such as when the Eduard Bohlen intended to offload mining equipment, was consequently lost at Conception Bay (1909). In the area between Conception Bay and Meob Bay the mining settlements of Holsatia, Charlottenfelder and Grillenberger was established and no form of engine-driven transport was available during the first 15 years. One example of an ox-wagon fitted with special wide iron bands to make transportation in sandy areas possible can be seen north off Grillenberger. 

This wagon and surfboats at Meob Bay are examples of pre-World War I historical relicts depicting the immense difficult pioneering days in those inhospitable desert conditions. During 1912/1913 a light railway from Conception Bay to Conception Water and an 80-kilometer pipeline linking the settlements were constructed. It is not totally clear as how many pre-fabricated buildings were erected at the various settlements and only the foundations of some of these are still visible today. In November 1914 all people in this area were requested to stop operations and to proceed to Swakopmund up country. This order came as a result of an expected invasion of Allied troops. During 1920 activities recommenced in this area and only four companies operated in this area until De Beers purchased one concession area after another in 1929. From old mining records it is clear that the average diamond found in this area was much smaller than those found south of Lüderitzbucht.

Operators made use of hand-operated movable sieve jigs, and were largely dependent on an Ovambo labour force. Namaqua Diamonds for instance employed between 500 and 600 Ovambos under contract. They were distributed in gangs of 50 over the extend of the mining area. Some of the sieve jigs are today still visible at the old mining settlements. In 1932 the price of diamonds dropped considerably and almost all known diamondiferous ground has been worked over at least once. The small diamonds left in the tailings of earlier workers made productions uneconomic. After World War II a company Industrial Diamonds of South Africa (1945) Ltd. conducted extensive prospecting in the Meob area in which no diamonds were recovered and CDM also abandoned Meob Bay in the early 60’s. Today only some remnants of the activities are visible and are deteriorating at an alarming rate. There are a limited quantity of hand-operated mining equipment left, two surf boats at Meob and ox-wagon north of Grillenberger giving some in-sight into the hardships endured by indigenous Namibians and early settlers to Namibia.

Saddle Hill became well known in Namibian diamond operations through the efforts of the remarkable Mose Kahan. The unsinkable Mose was born in Königsberg, Prussia and after immigrating to South Africa, he became involved in prospecting and mining. His application for a concession in Diamond area no 2 was successful and he named his claims Saddle Hill Ophir and Atlantis. To reach his claims with food and mining supplies, Kahan had to make his way through shifting dunes with transport available in those years, which was indeed a hazardous undertaking.

After World War II Kahan bought some Ford “stompneus” trucks from surplus war stock and fitted them with Dakota DC3 aircraft tyres. With these low-pressure aircraft tyres he was able to bring supplies and equipment to Saddle Hill. However one of these trucks, nick named Suzie as well as a Bulldozer, pulling trailers with supplies and equipment close to the Uri Haugab Mountains unfortunately had to be abandoned in the dunes, today still awaiting the return of a repair crew.

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Friday, 28 July 2023

Namibia: Klein Aus Vista: Hudson Terraplane wreck in Ghost Valley

#NamibiaHistory #1934Hudson #Sperrgebiet #KleinAusVista

Klein Aus Vista: Hudson Terraplane in Ghost Valley

Alongside a sandy track leading to Klein Aus Vista’s Geisterschlucht Cabin, a rusted and bullet-ridden 1934 Hudson Terraplane rings with mystery. 

As the story goes the automobile belonged to two diamond smugglers who had stolen diamonds from the nearby Sperrgebiet, the restricted diamond area. After a high speed car chase, the diamond detectives caught up with them in Geisterschlucht (Ghost Valley) and a gunfight ensued in which the smugglers lost their lives. The diamonds were never found. Some say that the ghosts of the smugglers still haunt the valley on moonlit nights searching for their lost diamonds.

Although the years have left their mark on the abandoned Terraplane, it still retains a dramatic presence with its large imposing grille and swooping lines, as did the vehicles in their day. The Terraplanes, manufactured by the Hudson Motor Car Company of Detroit between 1932 and 1938, were made to be comfortable, stylishly streamlined, reliable and affordable (in 1938 a Terraplane cost around $900). It was risky to launch a new model of car during the Great Depression, but Hudson went ahead, giving the car a name that would appeal to the public’s interest in aviation at the time.

One of their more popular sale slogans was ‘On the sea that’s aquaplaning, in the air that’s aeroplaning, but on the land, in the traffic, on the hills, hot diggity dog, THAT’S TERRAPLANING’. Famous aviator Amelia Earhart (the first female to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean) helped to introduce the Terraplane at its launch on 21 July 1932. Aviation pioneer Orville Wright was one of the first people to purchase one.

The 1933 Terraplane had an optional eight-cylinder engine, making it one of the more powerful cars in the world and popular among gangsters of the time like Baby Face Nelson, John Dillinger and John Paul Chase, who appreciated its handling and acceleration. Road tests showed that the car could accelerate from 0 to 60mph in 14.4 seconds and was particularly good on hill climbs, excellent performance for a 1930s automobile.

Being lighter than other cars and having a favourable power-to-weight ratio contributed to its sporty performance, while keeping the price down. In later models advanced engineering features were introduced, notably a self-starter, making ignition easier and safer, an ‘electric hand’ to change gears rather than using a floor shift and duo-automatic brakes offering both hydraulic and mechanical braking for emergencies. It could now reach a speed of 80 mph (128 km/h).

The Terraplane was produced in large numbers and retained its aeronautical name until 1938 when the name was phased out. During the years of production, the vehicles were also assembled under license in Canada, England, New Zealand, Australia and South Africa.

In 2014, on a three-year voyage, the late German entrepreneur and rally driver Heidi Hetzer visited Klein Aus Vista and parked her Hudson Greater Eight next to the old Terraplane for a photograph. She was following in the 1927-1929 footsteps of Clãrenore (Clara Eleonore) Stinnes, the first European woman to circumnavigate the world by automobile.

There are other stories of how the 1934 Terraplane got to Geisterschlucht although none are as exciting or as evocative as the one about the diamond smugglers. Some say that the valley was a popular spot in the Aus hills regularly visited by the locals for a braai and ‘kuier’ and that the troublesome Terraplane, belonging to one of the visitors, caught fire and was abandoned.

Another theory suggests that the high grass which appears after good rainfall must have accumulated around the exhaust system and caught fire, and that the shell of the burnt-out car was later used for target practice. And perhaps they are true.

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